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Receptiveness to Change

By Naomi Karten

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Summary: When companies experience technological or organizational change, the people affected may feel like they’re on a runaway rollercoaster. During these turbulent experiences, people may react in a multitude of different ways, some of which differ from their normal behavior. Being aware of the likelihood of these reactions to change is a key step in managing change effectively. In this week’s column, Naomi Karten offers insight into the experience of change.


HP
A company I visited had just completed a major reorganization--the kind where you'd swear they had tossed the boxes in the organization chart up into the air and the way they landed determined the new organization. It was a messy process with confusion galore.

When I met with Gary, an IT director in the company, he described the range of reactions employees were exhibiting as they settled into the new organization. Some people were angry. Some were grumpy. Some were enthused. Some were walking around as if in a fog. Some were taking the new organization in stride. You name the reaction, he'd seen it.

Gary seemed puzzled by the whole experience and asked me, "Do people respond differently to change?"

Despite his lofty level, Gary seemed unaware that people vary in their receptiveness to change and will exhibit a multitude of behaviors in responding to it. And he seemed surprised by the fact that people’s behavior may be more extreme, or simply different, from their everyday behavior.

As it turns out, Gary is not alone; I've met other managers with a similar level of unawareness. But I don't believe that these managers are clueless about individual differences in behavior. More likely, they just don't anticipate so many differences emerging all at once, as if orchestrated by an invisible conductor of an out-of-tune orchestra. Despite being astute about individual differences in general, these managers didn't foresee such a visible expression of individual differences in situations of stress and confusion.

But it's not just the people in the upper echelons who misjudge or underestimate how people will respond to change. When it comes to technological and organizational change, people in positions from team leader on up often seem to proceed on the assumption that everyone will march forward in lockstep. Employees one and all will appreciate the change, welcome it, and embrace it.

Fair warning: This is unlikely to happen.

If you oversee the work of others, a starting point in guiding them through major change is to acknowledge and accept the fact that people react differently to change. The reasons they react differently are many, including differences in upbringing, personality, life experiences, and fear of the impact of the change.

You might think of receptiveness to change as a continuum. At the left end of the continuum are people who are strenuously unreceptive to change. These people want to keep doing things the same way no matter what. The very thought of giving up what for them is safe, familiar, and comfortable in favor of something new, unfamiliar, and possibly risky is unnerving. If they could, these people would latch themselves to the way things are right now and hang on tight.

I saw this reaction in a company that was not what you'd call a fast mover. It was the sort of place in which decisions that needed to be made this year regularly slipped until next year or the year after. Yet even within this turtle-like culture, Thomas, an IT manager, veered toward the left end of the continuum. Thomas was an easy-going sort, and if you had asked him if he liked change, he probably would have said he did; most people like to be thought of as open to change. But as a manager, Thomas wasn't. Whenever someone proposed a new project or a new way of tackling a technical problem or a new, well, anything, he swiftly found reasons to oppose the idea. The status quo was Thomas’s favorite hangout.

At the right end of the continuum, by contrast, are people who thrive on change and get bored if two minutes pass without a change of some kind. These people often create problems in order to have something to fix. Doing anything that borders on the routine is positively mind numbing.

Al, an assistant vice president, fit this description. Like Thomas, he was easy going, but in a different way. For Al, change was fun, invigorating, and stimulating. Every crisis--and his company had many--was just another challenge to be tackled. If he could, he would have started new initiatives every day, and there was no idea so unthinkable that he wouldn't consider it if you wanted to make a case for it. Sometimes, when things got too dull for him, he stirred things up, such as by giving two managers conflicting information and then waiting to see if they figured it out.

Whether people are at the far ends of the continuum or, like most people, somewhere in between, significant change can pack a wallop. And please understand that a significant change is one that a particular individual or group experiences as significant, whether anyone else has the same reaction. So, I may experience a reorganization as a fascinating readjustment, whereas for you it's a kick-in-the-gut upheaval. You may experience the decision to acquire a new development tool as exciting, while I refuse to give up doing things the way in which I'm already proficient.

If you work in an organization that experiences change--and what organization doesn't?--you will be more effective in helping people adjust if you anticipate variations in their behavior in response to change. Gary was puzzled by the way people reacted, but there’s no need for you to be, too.


About the Author
As a highly experienced professional speaker and seminar leader, Naomi Karten (www.nkarten.com) draws from her psychology and IT background to help organizations improve customer satisfaction, manage change, and strengthen teamwork. Her book-in-progress, Changing How You Communicate During Change, scheduled for publication in 2009, will help IT professionals successfully introduce, manage, and cope with change. Her other books and ebooks include Communication Gaps and How to Close Them and How to Survive, Excel and Advance as an Introvert. Her newsletter, Perceptions & Realities, offers serious advice in a lively, chuckle-generating manner. Naomi has delivered seminars and presentations to more than 100,000 people internationally. Contact her at naomikarten@verizon.net.

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StickyMinds.com Weekly Column From 8/18/2008 

Member Comments
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Comment:    
by Pranal Nikumbh 8/21/2008

I read your article and I must say it is very crisp and precise.
While reading it, I was hoping to encounter a nice 5 letter word, which means the world to every human being irrespective of change. TRUST.
Organizations where the degree of trust is higher among individuals and where an employee is treated with respect, Change is accepted as a smooth flow. If the trust factor has hit rock bottom, then Change is treated as a selfish management trick. Just a thought

Author's Response:
8/21/2008    
Pranal, thank you for your comments and especially for raising the issue of trust. You are absolutely right. The presence or absence of trust can make a huge difference in how readily people accept change and adjust to it. In this article, my objective was simply to help readers appreciate that people respond differently to change – and that’s the case even when trust exists. In the book I’m writing on the topic, I’ve devoted an entire chapter to the importance of building trust before introducing change –- and how to gain that trust. See also my recent Stickyminds article on how to build trust.

 
 
Comment:    
by Elisabeth Hendrickson 8/20/2008

I see a lot of organizations in the middle of Agile transitions. From the trenches, it can often feel like a toss-the-org-chart-in-the-air change. The changes aren't actually random at all. But the organization has to shift from a hierarchical command-and-control structure to a collaborative set of self-organized teams. Such a shift is inherently disruptive. And, indeed, I see all the ranges of reactions that you describe, Naomi. Thanks for this article! I'll be pointing clients to it when they wonder why different people are reacting differently to an Agile transition.

Author's Response:
8/20/2008    
Hi there Elisabeth. Since this article was posted, I’ve received several messages privately from people who are right in the midst a major organizational or technological transition and who have seen all manner of reactions from the people affected. Your perspective as one who has worked with so many organizations further underscores the inevitably of a broad range of reactions to a change that is, as you described “inherently disruptive.” Your point about the changes not actually being random is important. The people who are leading the effort know it’s not random, because they can see the big picture. My hope – and I know it’s yours too -- is that they will come to appreciate that to the people in the trenches, it is likely to feel random, chaotic, confusing, and unnerving, and therefore such a range of reactions is not at all surprising.

 
 
Comment:    
by Sanat Sharma 8/19/2008

Most of the organizational changes happen without even providing proper information to all the employees. And if the changes are like this “the kind where you'd swear they had tossed the boxes in the organization chart up into the air and the way they landed determined the new organization”, it is really a muddled situation for employees.

I have seen most of the time that employees got organizational changes information from numerous un-official channels which redirects them to behave abnormally. I agree that this is a tough task for the higher management to come up with all the theories in front of the employees based on which...Read On

Author's Response:
8/19/2008    
Hi Sanat. Thanks for your observations and comments. You are right that people often get information about organizational change through unofficial channels -- including the grapevine, which ensures that much of it is inaccurate. I agree that upper management can often do more to clear the fog. As to technological change, it would be delightful if everyone uncomplainingly accepted it, but technological change is as big an adjustment for a great many people as organizational change. It’s both natural and predictable for people to want to remain in their comfort zone. This is a reality that many people don’t appreciate, and is one of the reasons I wrote this article and am writing a book for IT organizations on the subject. Even people who are generally very receptive to change are much less receptive when the change is foisted on them rather than something they had some say about.

 
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