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Peer-to-Peer Feedback

By Esther Derby

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Summary: When people work closely together, there's bound to be friction and irritations. Some people find it difficult to bring up these issues directly—so they hint and hope. And when the hint doesn't help, the irritation can grow out of proportion. Team members' ability to give peer-to-peer feedback—both about work and interpersonal relationships—is critical to developing a highly productive team. In this week's column, Esther Derby tells us about a team torn apart by an unattractive personal habit and offers some advice for talking about touchy interpersonal issues.


Rally Software Development
 
 
Not long ago, a developer approached me for advice about a problem team member. The developer reported that one team member was causing resentment, alienating other team members, and generally making life difficult for all. No one wanted to work with him.  
 
"What is he doing to cause all this?" I asked. 
 
The answer surprised me. "He picks his nose," the developer said. 
 
"He picks his nose? Have you talked to him?"I asked. 
 
"Of course," my developer friend replied. "I talked about the importance of manners at our team meeting. And I talked about how we all had to be careful about spreading germs. 
 
"He still picks his nose," he continued. "It's gross. The only thing I can think of is to start picking my own nose to see how he likes that." 
 
Nose picking is an unattractive habit. But the real source of this team's problem isn't nose picking. The real problem is that team members don't know how to have an uncomfortable conversation—peer-to-peer.  
 
How to talk about a difficult subject. 
Remember, the over-arching goal of feedback is to improve working and social relationships. When you think of it that way, it’s easier to find a respectful way to deliver a difficult message. 
 
Use "I" messages. 
Talk about what you see, and what you feel. Start your feedback with a sentence that starts with "I," rather than with "you."  
 
Describe what you have seen and heard. 
Stick to the facts of what you have seen and heard. Describe behavior rather than applying a label. For example, "Yesterday in our team meeting I heard you call Sara an idiot." rather than "Yesterday you were rude." Labeling the other person only puts him or her on the defensive. 
 
Own your own feelings about the situation. 
Some people advise using this formula to give feedback: "When you do X, I feel Y." But this construction implies that one person is the cause of another's feelings. No one else can make you have feelings. To remove the implied cause and effect, you might say, "When I hear you call Sara an idiot, I feel like you are disrespecting her," or "I want to tell you about something that you do that's a problem for me." Then describe the behavior.  
 
Talk about the effect the behavior has on you. 
People often don't realize the effect their behavior has on other people. Explain (briefly) how the behavior you are talking about effects you. Explaining the impact gives the feedback receiver information so they can choose what to do with your feedback. If there's no impact, then a request seems arbitrary. The conversation could start with "When I hear you call Sara an idiot, I feel like you are disrespecting her. I worry that you talk about me that way when I'm not in the room." 
 
Ask for what you want. 
If you have a specific change you'd like to see, make a request. You can make a request for behavior to stop, start, or change. For example, "I want you to treat our co-workers with respect and stop calling Sara and our other co-workers idiots."  
 
It's not always easy to give feedback. I still feel anxious when I prepare for a difficult feedback conversation. I have almost always found that the pre-conversation anxiety is worse than the actual event. And the pay off for having the conversation is well worth the effort. 
 
So what happened with the nose-picker? 
I advised the developer to have a private conversation with the offending team member. "Give him the benefit of the doubt," I said. "What if he's unaware he's picking his nose? It may be an automatic habit. And even if he's aware he's picking his nose, he may not be aware of how if affects you and other people on the team."  
 
The developer agreed reluctantly, and we worked out a little script. Here's what he decided to say to his nose-picking colleague: 
 
"Joe, this is really awkward for me. I want to tell you about something that you do that's a problem for me."  
 
[Pause] 
 
"I've noticed that during our team meetings, you pick your nose." 
 
[Pause and wait for a response. This may be all you need to say.] 
 
"I have some judgments about nose-picking. I was brought up that it's not appropriate. When I see you picking your nose, I feel worried about you spreading germs. My reaction is getting in the way of our working together." 
 
[Pause and wait for a response. This may do it.] 
 
"Would you please stop picking your nose while we're working together?" 
 
The next week, he reported back. 
 
"You'll never guess what happened," he said. "You were right, he wasn't even aware he was picking his nose. But it was really awkward," he continued. "He was embarrassed but he was also grateful I told him. I guess I shouldn't have waited so long." 
 
It is hard to address interpersonal and work issues directly-even when the issues aren't as awkward as someone picking his nose. Respectful feedback can improve working relationships. And handling issues directly keeps little irritations from growing into major divisions.


About the Author
A regular StickyMinds.com and Better Software magazine contributor, Esther Derby is one of the rare breed of consultants who blends the technical issues and managerial issues with the people-side issues. She is well known for helping teams grow to new levels of productivity. Project retrospectives and project assessments are two of Esther's key practices that serve as effective tools to start a team's transformation. Recognized as one of the world's leaders in retrospective facilitation, she often receives requests asking her to work with struggling teams. Esther is one of the founders of the AYE Conference. You can read more of Esther's musings on the wonderful world of software at www.estherderby.com and on her weblog at www.estherderby.com/weblog/blogger.html. Her email is derby@estherderby.com.

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Comment:    
by Ruth Scott 2/7/2007

Much needed article. A few items come to mind. First, if you can throw in a little humor it seems to help ease the tension, but that is a bit tricky I'll admit. Secondly, where is the line? It is a bit gray to me. I thought toe- tapping was acceptable at work. What about cell phones ringing? Crunching loudly on food (there is no breakroom where I work)? Co-worker discussing detailed health issues and the company doesn't enforce HIPAA practices at all? Not responding to e-mails and leaving others dangling? The list goes on and on as you have said. Third, I know a man who passed gas frequently thoughout the day. Not a word was said to him by...Read On

 
 
Comment:    
by william frame 2/7/2007

Great advise, and obviously not just for office environment peer-to-peer relationships. This is good advise for all interpersonal relationships. And I agree whole heartedly about owning our feeling. No one can MAKE us feel a certain way. I would add to that that feeling are not right or wrong, they are what we feel.

One other thought. A very wise friend once told me that a lot of interpersonal problems/disappointments are the result of unrealized, and often unrealistic, expectations. If you expect someone to do something that they have no idea you expect, you are probably going to be disappointed when they do not...Read On

 
 
Comment:    
by Vivekanandan Mariappan 2/7/2007

Hello,
A Good article. You have explained about "unattractive personal habit", which is nice. It will be nice if you would have talked why employees do "unattractive personal habit" in office, is it that they dont have enough work, ....what??

Best Regards,
Vivekanandan M

Author's Response:
2/8/2007    
Hi, Vivekanandan--

The guy in the story was not aware he was picking his nose; it was a habit completely outside his consciousness. He had plenty of work, and he complete his *individual* work. The problem came in working with other people, which was also part of his job. Most of the time when people come to work with hygiene issues—various body odors, for example—they are not aware of how they are affecting other people. They are usually not aware that they smell bad to other people.

(I did meet one person who limited bathing as an expression of her view that Americans are obsessed with cleanliness. She knew how she smelled and didn’t mind. But her co-workers did, and the clients of her company did, and that hurt the business.)

Thanks for writing. Esther

 
 
Comment:    
by Matt Myers 6/3/2005

These are good comments about how other's habbits can be addressed. What about accidental things that happen that make for an uncomfortable environment? Things like, zipper down, button undone, "plumber syndrom" (no offense to plumbers), etc. I'm sure these can be easily addressed, it's probably just human nature to flee from uncomfortable situations.

Author's Response:
6/3/2005    
Hi, Matt – I think you’re right, people avoid situations that are uncomfortable… sometimes though we avoid short-term discomfort and end up with more discomfort long-term. A friend of mine tells about a time she was giving a presentation to a client with a co-worker. After they finished the presentation and were walking back to the car, her co-worker told her she had spinach stuck in her teeth. “I didn’t want to embarrass you by saying anything before,” he said. My friend was furious that he’d let her go through the entire presentation with spinach in her teeth. She would have been less embarrassed if he’d pulled her aside before the presentation or on a break. So just say quietly, and as privately as possible, “Excuse me, your zipper is down. Though you’d want to know.”

 
 
Comment:    
by John Gagnier 6/2/2005

I liked the article. However, I do take exception to one statement. It is stated that one person cannot make you have feelings. This implies that it is the person and not their action making you have feelings. Saying "When you yell at me I feel scared", is a very valid statement. Fact you yelled, fact I feel scared. It is not the person, but the yelling that makes me feel scared. Other than that it is a well written and helpful article.

Author's Response:
6/2/2005    
Hi, John – Let me clarify. In my view, it’s important to put some distance between the sensory input and the feeling. When I hear someone yelling, that’s sensory input. Before I get to the feeling, there’s another step: interpretation. I may interpret the yelling as a threat (and feel scared or angry) or as bombastic ranting (and feel irritated or amused). The feeling I have depends on how I interpret the sensory input. When we don’t put some distance between sensory input and feeling, it’s easy to fall into saying “You make me mad.” This may be too fine a distinction when there’s an actual threat. Then the first order of business is to get out of the room, not to worry about getting the diction right.

 
 
Comment:    
by Vijay Rangari 6/2/2005

I agree on the whole that this approach would work but I feel that it depends entirely on the personality of the person who 'volunteers' to go and talk to the offender. Hence I feel that in the first instance it should be the responsibility of the line manager to have a quiet word with them. And I say this whilst also considering cases of extreme body odour that I have encountered during my career - the people in question were not directly in my team but I had to work closely with them on a regular basis.

Author's Response:
6/2/2005    
Hi, Vijay – Yes, if the manager is aware of the issues, he/she can bring it up. If the team is looking for a volunteer to deliver the feedback, then the issue is already causing disruption on t he team – people are already talking about another team member behind his back and separating him from the group. The person who is bothered by the issue has responsibility to address the issue. On the issue of body odor, I’ve addressed it this way: “I want to tell you about something that’s a problem for me. I feel awkward bringing this up and I think it will be helpful. [pause to see if the person is willing to listen ]. When we work close together, I smell a strong body odor. I don’t know if you’re aware of this. [pause for a response]” See what the other person says. And base your response on what you hear.

 
 
Comment:    
by F Earl 6/1/2005

If people don’t address behaviour that is commonly regarded as “bad manners”, it must be more than that *nobody* on the team has the social skills to simply say, “Please don’t do such-and such. I don’t like it.” Clearly there is often the fear that they will be accused of “picking on” a certain category of employee, particularly if there is a cultural aspect to the behaviour. Annoying habits like toe-tapping, for example, are much more easily dealt with than issues of clothing odour or table manners. You can’t expect peers to deal with that sort of thing. Why should they?

Author's Response:
6/2/2005    
You are right, of course, talking about toe-tapping is easier than talking about body odor. If the manager is aware of the issue, than of course, he/she can bring it up as part of coaching. But when the issue is between two peers, then it works best to address the issue peer-to-peer. Once someone bypasses the peer and goes to the manager, it sets up a dynamic that can damage trust. No one likes to feel that they’ve been tattled on.

 
 
Comment:    
by Gene Fellner 5/31/2005

This is such a perfect lesson for us IT professionals. Of course all of us who are reading this have fabulous "people skills." But let's face it, the profession naturally attracts a lot of people who are not so well housebroken. It comes with the territory, people who are more comfortable dealing with technology than with what many of them call "wetware." You have to be just as direct and just as mild-mannered as Esther says. Neither coyness nor an aggressive attitude will get you anywhere. It's a no-brainer that you can get the most angry, outraged, insulting reactions from people whose upbringing you're already...Read On

Author's Response:
6/1/2005    
Hi, Gene – I chose the nose-picking story because it’s a habit that many of us find distressing (and I’ve run into this issue multiple times, not just this once). But there are plenty of other situations where tactful and direct feedback helps working relationships: body odor, too much perfume, proselytizing, not following through on commitments… there are as many situations as there are people. Sooner or later, everyone will do something that rubs a co-worker the wrong way.

 
 
Comment:    
by Matthew Heusser 5/31/2005

It was a helpful article. I especially like the point that using the expression "When you say X, I feel Y" has weakenesses. Keep them coming!

Author's Response:
6/1/2005    
Hi, Matt – It may seem like a fine distinction – and in my view, it’s an important one. No one else causes our feelings. Our feelings come from our own thoughts and interpretations. To quote the immortal bard, “There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.” (William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Act II, Scene 2)

 
 
Comment:    
by Venkatesan Kalingamurthy 5/31/2005

This is very good article. Interpersonal relationship is very improatnt when we work as a team. Important point to note from the article is "when the hint doesn't help, the irritation can grow out of proportion". This is absolutely correct. This will result in the degradation of Team morale. Not only among the team members, even team to team interaction also should be very cordial.

Author's Response:
6/1/2005    
Hi, Venkatesan – Hinting almost never works. It’s more uncomfortable *in the moment* to be respectfully direct, but it saves pain in the long run. I spoke to one manager who was about to fire an employee for spending too much time on the internet at work. I asked if the manager had told the employee her internet usage was a problem. The manager replied that he had: “I walked by her cube and she was on the internet, so I asked ‘What are you doing?’. When the employee responded, ‘Nothing,’ I said, ‘Doesn’t look like Nothing to me. Looks to me like you are surfing the net.” Since the employee wasn’t a mind reader, she didn’t realize that surfing the net on a break was a serious matter to her boss. The same is true between team members. Hinting doesn’t work and destroys relationships. Feedback that’ s given in the spirit of improving working relationships builds trust.

 
 
Comment:    
by BALAJI NARAYANAN 5/31/2005

This is a very good article about how to address the issue directly without deferring it and also avoid unnecessary assumptions.

Author's Response:
6/1/2005    
Hi, Balaji – You are right, it’s important not to make assumptions – especially about another person’s motivations or awareness. I often talk to frustrated people who aren’t giving feedback because “He *must* know it’s a problem,” or “He’s doing this to drive me nuts.” In most of these cases, the offending person didn’t know, or didn’t realize it was a problem for someone else. And most of the time people are quite willing to adjust behavior once they realize the impact it’s having on their own and other people’s effectiveness. Thanks for writing.

 
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